accidents per value added) or maximise positive social impacts (i.e. Gro Harlem Brundtland was the former Prime Minister of Norway and was chosen due to her strong background in the science and public health. An outcome of this conference was the development of the Sustainable Development Goals that aim to promote sustainable progress and eliminate inequalities around the world. It means doing development without damaging or affecting the environment. The Circles of Sustainability approach distinguishes the four domains of economic, ecological, political and cultural sustainability. [118], The most common critiques are related to issues like data quality, comparability, objective function and the necessary resources. This is possible only when you have the best CBSE Class 10 Social Science study material and a smart preparation plan. Rogers, P., K.F. [25] Additionally, SDG17 focuses on strengthening the means of implementation and revitalization of global partnership for sustainable development. The State can in this context "create conditions which encourage the people to save the environment". The World Bank, a leading producer of environmental knowledge, continues to advocate the win-win prospects for economic growth and ecological stability even as its economists express their doubts. [84] Motorized transport also releases exhaust fumes that contain particulate matter which is hazardous to human health and a contributor to climate change.[85]. While it is possible that we can find ways to replace some natural resources, it is much more unlikely that they will ever be able to replace eco-system services, such as the protection provided by the ozone layer, or the climate stabilizing function of the Amazonian forest. There are many facets to this pillar. This can be achieved by reducing pollution, poverty, poor housing and unemployment. [3]:20f[4]:61–67[5]:22f It has also been argued that the meaning of the concept has opportunistically been stretched from 'conservation management' to 'economic development', and that the Brundtland Report promoted nothing but a business as usual strategy for world development, with an ambiguous and insubstantial concept attached as a public relations slogan. But shifting the focus of sustainable development from conservation to development has had the imperceptible effect of stretching the original forest management term of sustainable yield from the use of renewable resources only (like forestry), to now also accounting for the use of non-renewable resources (like minerals). [5] In 1987 the economist Edward Barbier published the study The Concept of Sustainable Economic Development, where he recognised that goals of environmental conservation and economic development are not conflicting and can be reinforcing each other. In the 1970s and 1980s, this notion was broadened somewhat to also imply human rights, basic human needs and finally, ecological issues. The concept of sustainable development was introduced in early 1980’s (in particular through the publication of the World Conservation Strategy by IUCN, UNEP and WWF, 1980), in order to reconcile conservation and development objectives. Depending on the type of impact socio-efficiency thus either tries to minimise negative social impacts (i.e. The learning environment itself must adapt and apply a whole-institution approach to embed the philosophy of sustainable development. [32] Also termed human ecology, this broadens the focus of sustainable development to include the domain of human health. A way to lessen the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that are added to the atmosphere by the design and construction industry could be through embracing options that capture the carbon already present in the environment. Other key global agreements such as the Paris Agreement (Article 12) also recognize the importance of ESD. Taussig. [95] Leading ecological economist and steady-state theorist Herman Daly,[5] for example, points to the fact that natural capital can not necessarily be substituted by economic capital. [attribution needed], The concept of sustainable development has been, and still is, subject to criticism, including the question of what is to be sustained in sustainable development. Expert Answer: Sustainable development refers to the process economic development where resources are used judiciously to satisfy needs of not only present generation but also to conserve them for the use of future generations. Socio-efficiency[95] describes the relation between a firm's value added and its social impact. Sometimes it is almost impossible to predict the various outcomes of a course of action, due to the unexpected consequences and the number of unknowns that are not accounted for in the benefit-cost analysis. Thus, environmental economist Kerry Turner has argued that literally, there can be no such thing as overall "sustainable development" in an industrialised world economy that remains heavily dependent on the extraction of earth's finite stock of exhaustible mineral resources: "It makes no sense to talk about the sustainable use of a non-renewable resource (even with substantial recycling effort and reduction in use rates). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future.At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership. Kenneth E. Boulding in his influential 1966 essay The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth identified the need for the economic system to fit itself to the ecological system with its limited pools of resources. The use of non­-renewable resources such as fossil fuels should not be stopped overnight, but they must be used efficiently and the development of alternatives should be encouraged to help phase them out. Technology to meet these sustainable development needs is often referred to as appropriate technology, which is an ideological movement (and its manifestations) originally articulated as intermediate technology by the economist E. F. Schumacher in his influential work Small Is Beautiful and now covers a wide range of technologies. Zürich: vdf. Meadows, D.H., D.L. Globally, disadvantaged populations may be impacted the most. [6]:48–54[7]:94–99, Sustainability can be defined as the practice of maintaining world processes of productivity indefinitely—natural or human-made—by replacing resources used with resources of equal or greater value without degrading or endangering natural biotic systems. Since then, it has evoked much discussion. [116], In 2007 a report for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency stated: "While much discussion and effort has gone into sustainability indicators, none of the resulting systems clearly tells us whether our society is sustainable. Policy, Planning and people: promoting Justice in Urban Development (Penn). In: IISD Annual Report 2011-12. We all know what we need to do to protect the environment, whether that is recycling, reducing our power consumption by switching electronic devices off rather than using standby, by walking short journeys instead of taking the bus. `` smart growth Planning for climate protection '', Levine, Jonathan of... State of technology and social elements creation of employment ) or negative ( e.g to embed the philosophy of development... Identifies 17 Goals and 169 targets to address a number of economic, and time broadens... Types of people from pollution and other organisations to adhere to sustainability guidelines beyond their normal requirements! Standard for sustainable development is that technology can be thought of in terms of what is sustainable development class 10 science,! 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